Much similar to the OAD, the role of the AW-ROAD is fundamentally that of a strategic coordinating office. In order to carry out its mission the AW-ROAD plays several roles relating to this:

1. Helping in the Implementation of the IAU Strategic Plan (SP): The AW-ROAD was set up to help in implementing the IAU Strategic Plan, a living document that provides the broad guidelines in terms of realizing developmental benefits from astronomy.
2. Strategic advice: The AW-ROAD, guided by the IAU Strategic Plan and a global view of development activities, provides strategic advice where needed to the Arab Region’s individuals and organizations involved in similar activities.
3. Coordination and Facilitation: The AW-ROAD coordinates and facilitates Regional activities in line with its mission. Such efforts do not imply carrying out activities on the ground but rather sourcing partners or volunteers and providing them with the contacts, assistance and guidance necessary for them to implement a project.
4. Funding and Infrastructure: The AW-ROAD seeks to acquire or assist in the acquiring of funds and/or infrastructure as required by itself and its partners.